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Given a scalar field f, its gradient is a vector normal to the surface on which
the field is constant, of length given by f's directional derivative in that
direction.
We can always write
df
or , after trivial manipulation,
We may identify dsj = ujdwj , and obtain
Suppose we set two of the dsi's to zero; then the directional derivative of f in the third direction must be the component of the gradient in that direction. We therefore obtain